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1984
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George Orwell, the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), was an English novelist, essayist, and journalist best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) and the political satire Animal Farm. Born in India to a British colonial family, Orwell worked as an imperial police officer in Burma before turning to writing, an experience that shaped his lifelong opposition to imperialism and authoritarianism. He fought against fascism in the Spanish Civil War, recounted in Homage to Catalonia, before writing his two most famous works in the years surrounding World War II. 1984, published in 1949, depicts a totalitarian surveillance state and introduced terms including "Big Brother," "doublethink," and "thoughtcrime" into common usage, while Animal Farm allegorized the Soviet Union's betrayal of its own revolution. Orwell died of tuberculosis at 46, shortly after completing 1984, and his work remains among the most widely read and referenced political fiction of the 20th century.
Notable works: Nineteen Eighty-Four; Animal Farm; Homage to Catalonia
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